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Cake day: March 31st, 2025

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  • it’s a type of heat engine. heat engines require temperature difference to work, and the lower it becomes, the less energy is there in the first place and a very fundamental limitation, that is carnot cycle efficiency, goes down very quickly. in practice, all heat exchangers have some thermal resistance, and the lower temperature gradient you can afford to use up on this, the bigger heat exchanger becomes, making low grade heat powerplants extremely big and expensive on top of barely generating any electricity

    i don’t think there’s a lot of energy to be squeezed from daily variations in air temperature vs lake temperature, you’d be better off just by using solar panels on the same area









  • you can’t turn a gas into liquid by compression alone if temperature is above critical point, you also need to cool it down. separation is done by fractional distillation, but the reason it’s done is mostly about oxygen (medical and steelmaking among some other uses). for nitrogen it’s somewhere about -150C. first air is stripped of water and carbon dioxide, then it’s turned into a liquid, then it’s separated into oxygen, nitrogen and argon, and some large specialized plants also separate xenon, krypton and neon

    if you don’t actually care for it being a liquid, there’s another method called pressure swing adsorption that separates gases based on how tightly do they bind to porous surfaces under pressure. this is how medical oxygen concentrators work

    making liquid nitrogen is pretty efficient these days, as in not much more energy is used than is actually needed