Depends on the style, I think. If it requires any kind of gradient shading or texture, pixel editing software. If you can get away with just lines, colors, and solid shading, vector is good enough but it’ll be easier on pixel editing software.

Nowadays I just work on massive files so that I can shrink them to size.

Oh, yeah that’s true.

I’d also add Balatro and Terraria to that list.

Fluency in spanish doesn’t help with french in my experience. While both might be romance languages, french pronounciation makes it so that in conversation words are really, really hard to translate without prior knowledge on some words, at least for me. My first language is spanish, for reference. Portuguese and italian are a 50/50 depending on the accent.