Skiena’s Algorithm design manual is very widely recommended for learning algorithms, I’ve also heard good things about A common sense guide to algorithms and data structures. Skiena’s also has video lectures on YouTube if you prefer videos.
From what I’ve seen, a common sense guide seems to be more geared towards newer programmers while Skiena assumes more experience. Consequently, Skiena goes into more depth while A common sense guide seems to be more focused on what you specifically asked for. algorithm design manual
I’m not OP but, I think it says a lot about the kind of person you are if you’re even just thinking about trying your best constantly. Plus your life honestly sounds close to the ideal that most people here are chasing, if you’re content with that that, then I don’t think there’s anything wrong with continuing to live your life as you fit. Also, I think everyone always has things they could do better and that’s just how it is